To avoid Rh sensitization, shortly after each birth of an Rh +ve baby, the Rh -ve mother is given an injection of anti-Rh antibodies or anti-D. This will crystallize in the kidney and lead to kidney failure.
Reaction between the antigens and antibodies will produce chumping that will clog the capillaries, burst cells and release hemoglobin. If a transfusion is made between an incompatible donor and recipient, the recipient’s blood will undergo a cascade of events. Therefore during blood transfusion, proper matching of the donor and recipient must be done. They cause agglutination reaction in the presence of specific antibodies known as agglutinins. What do you understand by Blood Types and Immunology?Īns.The antigens found in the surface of the red blood cells are called agglutinogens. There are two types of defense mechanisms to fight invaders – the non-specific defense mechanism or innate immunity and the specific defense mechanisms or acquired immunity. The human body has various ways of stopping pathogens from getting into the body. Many of these cell types have specialised functions. The different interdependent cell types collectively protect the body from bacterial, parasitic, fungal, viral infections and from the growth of tumour cells.
The immune system is composed of cells that can engulf bacteria, kill parasites or tumour cells, or kill viral-infected cells. This ability is of vital importance because the body is exposed to pathogens from the moment of birth. The capacity of an organism to resist development of disease is called immunity. The body can also prevent recurrence of certain infectious diseases. What is the concept of Immunology?Īns.Human body is capable of resisting different types of organisms or toxins that can damage organs or tissues.
Some eminent scientists and their contributions to the field of immunology starting from thucididas of the time before Christ up to the late 20 th century Immunologists. What are the contributions of scientists in the field of Immunology?Īns. However, occasionally it fails to make this distinction and reacts destructively against the host’s own molecules such autoimmune diseases can be fatal to the organism.Īlmost any macromolecule (e.g., protein, most polysaccharides and nucleic acids), as long as it is foreign to the recipient, can induce an immune response any substance capable of eliciting an immune response is called an antigen (antibody generator). This ability to distinguish foreign molecules from self molecules is another fundamental feature of the immune system. Because these immune reactions are destructive in nature, it becomes necessary that they be made in response only to molecules that are foreign to the host and not to those of the host itself. Normally, many of the responses of the immune system initiate the destruction and elimination of invading organisms and any toxic molecules produced by them.
0 kommentar(er)
